Periodontitis is an infection of the gingiva (gums) resulting from an accumulation of plaque and calculus beneath the gum line. Below are some of the major causes of periodontitis, which, if left untreated, will result in bone loss and the subsequent loosening and loss of teeth.
Genetics
A hereditary predisposition to this disease was uncovered in 1997 as the result of the discovery of a genetic marker for periodontitis ( see "Risk Factors" in resources).
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gum tissue. Generally caused by poor oral hygiene, if left untreated, gingivitis will develop into periodontitis.
Health and Nutrition
Smoking, a compromised immune system (as in cases of HIV), medical conditions such as diabetes, severe stress and poor diet are all contributing factors to periodontitis. In addition, periodontitis is a known contributing factor in heart disease. (see resources)
Bite
Faulty occlusion resulting from tooth loss or numerous large restorations (fillings) that cause a misalignment in the bite can be a contributing factor to the development of periodontitis.
Oral Hygiene
Poor oral hygiene habits will not only result in decay and loss of teeth, but will eventually lead to the development of gingivitis, followed by periodontitis and the possibility of subsequent health problems.
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