The severity and extent of a burn influence the appropriate level of treatment. Diagnosing the degree of the burn (first, second or third) will enable an individual to act both quickly and intelligently. In the case of minor burns, which do not require immediate medical attention, specific steps should be followed to successfully aid in healing. The ability to identify a minor burn is an imperative and useful skill.
Types of Burns
The severity of any particular burn can be categorized by its degree. Burns are broken down into three categories: first-, second- and third-degree burns. A first-degree burn is the least severe as only the outer portion of the skin is affected. A second-degree burn has burned through the second layer of skin, also known as the dermis. If a second-degree burn is no larger than 3 inches in diameter, it is treated as a minor burn. The final category, third-degree burns, is one in which the skin is burned severely below the superficial surface. Minor burns can be first- or second-degree depending on the extent of the burn. Burns of the first or second degree that are limited to an area of no more than 3 inches in diameter are considered and treated as minor burns. Third-degree burns are never considered minor despite the size of the affected area.
Identifying Minor Burns
A minor burn of the first degree is identified by redness of the skin and often slight swelling and pain. The superficial, or first layer of skin, is damaged. If this type of burn covers a large portion of the body, seek medical attention. A second-degree burn can be identified by blisters and an intense red and splotchy appearance. This burn is accompanied by severe pain and swelling. Again, these burns can be considered minor only if the affected area is no more than 3 inches in diameter.
Treatment
A minor burn should be cooled immediately under cold running water for at least five minutes. If running water is unavailable, the burn may be immersed in water. Next, apply an antibiotic ointment and cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage. Nonadhesive gauze will be more comfortable for the patient and will avoid putting pressure on the burn. Clean and reapply ointment twice daily to avoid infection. An over-the-counter pain reliever will help to alleviate both pain and swelling.
Healing Time
A minor first-degree burn generally takes about three to six days to fully heal. There is usually little to no scarring, but there might be a slight pigment change of the affected area. A minor second-degree burn should heal within three weeks depending on the severity. Second-degree burns will usually produce scarring.
Caution
Never soak the burn in ice water and never apply ice directly to the skin as it may cause further damage. Do not apply butter or any type of grease to the affected area. Watch for signs of infection including increased swelling and redness. If infection arises, seek medical attention. When outside, be sure to use sunscreen within a year after the burn to avoid any further change in pigmentation.
Tags: affected area, minor burn, second-degree burn, inches diameter, medical attention, than inches