The exact treatment for bladder cancer depends upon the stage of the cancer and if it has metastasized. Radiation therapy is often used for treatment. With bladder cancer, both external and internal radiation can be utilized. Radiation may be combined with surgery and chemotherapy in hopes of obtaining the best results.
Internal Radiation
Internal radiation therapy is also known as brachytherapy. It involves inserting radioactive seeds into your bladder. This usually requires a hospital stay where you will be allowed limited contact with visitors to limit their radiation exposure. Internal radiation is sometimes used along with external radiation. Radiation kills cancer cells by stopping them from multiplying. Once they have died, they are eliminated from the body. Radiation also damages healthy cells, but they are able to repair themselves and recover.
External Radiation
External radiation is a common treatment for bladder cancer, especially when combined with chemotherapy. It involves the use of a machine somewhat like an x-ray machine that directs a precise beam of radiation to the exact location of your bladder cancer. This precision helps to avoid damaging nearby healthy skin. External radiation can be done on an outpatient basis. Treatments are typically given daily, 5 days a week for up to 7 weeks.
Combination
Radiation treatments are often given along with other types of cancer treatments. Surgery may be given to remove part of the bladder. Biologic therapy may also be used. This is also known as immunotherapy, and it acts to fight cancer by stimulating your immune system. Chemotherapy is an often-used option for treating bladder cancer. Chemotherapy uses drugs given orally, through IV or inserted directly into your bladder. To achieve successful results with late-stage and recurrent bladder cancer, one or more of these treatments are often combined with radiation treatments.
Side Effects
Side effects to radiation therapy to the bladder are highly variable and are usually not severe. Potential side effects are diarrhea, cramps, nausea and increased urination. These side effects usually pass once treatment is completed.
Precautions
While undergoing radiation treatments, use caution when going out in the sun. Protect the skin that is exposed to the radiation treatments. Clean your skin with mild soap and water. Do not use hot packs or cold compresses unless directed to do so by your doctor. Let your doctor know if you are taking any supplements or herbs during the time you are undergoing radiation to make sure there will be no undesired interactions. Try to eat a healthy, well-balanced diet during your cancer treatment. If you lose your appetite or experience nausea that interferes with eating, let you doctor know so he can arrange for you to see a nutritionist who can help you get the nutrition your body needs when undergoing radiation treatments.
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