The Bunion Formation
Bunions form when the big toe moves inward, out of place, forming a large bump on the inside of the big toe. This is caused by the enlargement of the metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP) and additional bone formation in the big toe or MTP joint. It is also caused by a misalignment in the big toe joint. As the big toe is pushed further out of place by the enlargement of the joint, the bunion begins to increase in size and becomes painful. The enlargement of the MTP joint can also cause the bursa (fluid-filled sacs close to the MTP joint) to become inflamed, causing bursitis, which can lead to even more swelling and pain.
The Cause of Bunions
Bunions can be hereditary, but they can also be caused by an abnormal motion in the foot or tight shoes that hug the sides of the feet. They can also be caused by foot injuries and neuromuscular probems. Women are 10 times more likely to get bunions, in part because of the kinds of shoes they often wear. Ballet dancers are commonly plagued with bunions as a result of their slippers.
Signs and Treatments of Bunions
Swelling of the large toe joint (MTP joint), redness and tenderness are all signs of bunion formation. You can reduce your symptoms by wearing comfortable shoes and having custom orthotics placed in your shoes. You can also get ultrasound physical therapy, high-frequency sound waves that relax the mind and reduce the pain or cortisone injections if it gets really painful.
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