Multiple sclerosis can cause more than physical degeneration of muscle function and abilities. MS can also cause the patient to develop problems with memory loss and cognitive degeneration. Processes such as storing and retrieving memories, processing information and remembering events can be affected. The ability to plan and prioritize can also be negatively impacted.
Cerebral MS
The link between multiple sclerosis (MS) and cognitive (memory) problems is well-known, with 70 percent of diagnosed cases of MS also featuring related memory-loss problems. 50 percent of patients diagnosed with early stage MS show related cognitive losses.
The most commonly found cognitive issues found in MS patients are in attention, memory, word-finding and abstraction. An increase in emotional lability (frequent, pronounced changes in mood) and slower information processing are also features of MS-related cognition issues.
When a person is experiencing severe cognitive issues related to MS, she is said to have "cerebral MS". Persons with this level of cognitive involvement often do not understand the severity of their memory loss issues.
Types of Memory Loss
Two types of memory loss related to MS are known: the first is recent memory loss, or that which affects things like remembering names and phone numbers, and when to take medications. MS most often affects this type of memory function.
The second type of memory loss is procedural or remote memory (use a computer or ride a bike). This kind of memory loss affects things and processes that were learned many years ago. MS does not have as much of an effect on this category of memory.
Effect on Executive Function
MS-related memory loss can have an effect on executive functions, which are the higher-level processes involved in more complex mental operations. These are prioritizing tasks, planning and the ability to problem-solve. Persons suffering from MS develop difficulty with this kind of function because it involves shifting from concept to concept and using mental quickness. They essentially feel lost in a maze.
Handling Memory Loss
The patient suffering from MS-related memory loss can rehabilitate his brain by going through rehabilitation to regain some cognitive functions. Some other ways he can handle memory loss include writing things down, using checklists, doing something when he thinks of the chore, putting objects in the same spot every time and prioritizing and focusing only on the most important tasks.
Use Electronic Memory Aids
The person with MS can utilize electronic memory aids such as the personal desk assistant (PDA). Cell-phone calendars can also help her to remember what she need so she can get through the day. Other devices such as tape recorders can also help, to record important information or a to-do list.
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